母乳喂养
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乳导管受阻或堵塞是因未充分或有效排空乳导管导致乳导管堵塞的一种状况。当乳汁在堵塞部位淤积,乳导管压力增加会导致乳房局部不适或形成肿块。
尚未明确出现乳导管受阻的原因; 但是,未充分排空乳房是可能性最大的原因。乳房排空不佳可能是由宝宝衔乳不佳、乳房周围衣物过紧、哺乳间隔时间过长或手术疤痕引起的。如果不消除受阻乳导管,还会导致乳腺炎。
乳导管堵塞的症状是逐步产生的。乳导管受阻可表现为豌豆大小或更大的柔软肿块,偶尔乳头上还会长出小白泡。乳房会变得敏感,可能会察觉到柔软肿块有明确的边缘,该区域可能会微热,也可能会出现发红或发烧 (< 38.4 °C) 症状。用受影响的乳房哺喂时,宝宝会烦躁不安,因为受影响乳房的泌乳流量会降低。乳导管受阻不会影响妈妈的一般健康状况。
第一步必须咨询哺乳顾问或保健专业人员。如果乳房出现发红,也可能是 涨奶。如果出现发烧或妈妈感到身体不适,则可能是乳腺炎。
应在哺乳顾问或保健专业人员的配合下实施并监测管理计划。管理乳导管受阻的关键是改善受阻区域的乳汁排空状况。
可结合保健专业人员建议,实施以下循证方案:
如果未在 24-48 小时内消除堵塞,或如果出现感冒症状或恶化,妈妈应立即就医,因为乳导管受阻可导致乳腺炎。
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